
Discovery Strategy and Management
Discovery decides more cases than trial does, and we manage it with the same rigor we bring to the courtroom.
Overview
Every Phase Earns the Same Attention
Discovery is the structured phase of litigation where parties exchange information about the facts, witnesses, documents, and electronic evidence relevant to the case. The work spans written discovery (interrogatories, requests for production, requests for admission), document collection and production, deposition practice, expert disclosures and reports, third-party subpoenas, and privilege protection across the full discovery cycle. Discovery is often the longest, most expensive, and most strategically consequential phase of litigation, with decisions about scope, sequencing, and methodology shaping the case for trial or settlement.
Holdsworth & Inkwell manages discovery as an integrated discipline across the firm's practice areas. Engagements span matter-wide discovery planning and the negotiation of discovery schedules, written discovery drafting and response, document collection from clients and third parties, review and production with appropriate privilege protection, deposition strategy and execution, expert witness disclosure and discovery, third-party subpoena practice, and discovery motion work when disputes cannot be resolved through meet-and-confer. The service applies to any litigation matter, distinguishing it from the firm's eDiscovery practice area which is a substantive specialty for matters where ESI complexity is itself the central concern.
When You Need This
Recognizing the Moment
Discovery decides more of a case than most people expect long before anyone sees a courtroom, in how facts are gathered, tested, and preserved. Some moments make that work harder to defer: a matter moving past pleadings, a stack of requests due back, a deposition already on the calendar. The situations below mark where dedicated discovery management becomes the practical next step, whichever side of the request you're on.
Active Litigation Requires Discovery Management
When a matter has progressed past pleadings and the parties are entering or actively working through discovery, dedicated discovery management ensures that the work proceeds efficiently and produces the factual record the case will need for summary judgment, settlement, or trial. Early discovery planning at this stage often determines the case's trajectory.
You're Responding to Discovery Requests
When an opposing party has served interrogatories, requests for production, requests for admission, or third-party subpoenas, the response strategy affects both the immediate case and any future motion practice. Responses must be timely, must preserve appropriate objections, must coordinate across multiple discovery vehicles, and must balance disclosure obligations against the protection of privileged and proprietary information.
You're Issuing Discovery Requests
Effective discovery requests are designed to obtain the information actually needed for the case while respecting proportionality and avoiding objections that would waste motion practice. Strategic request design considers what the opposing party is likely to have, what they will resist producing, how their resistance can be overcome, and how the requested information will be used in motion practice or at trial.
Deposition Strategy and Execution
Depositions are often the most consequential discovery events in a case, with sworn testimony that may determine summary judgment, settlement, or trial outcomes. Effective deposition practice requires careful preparation (whether the firm is taking or defending the deposition), strategic question design, witness preparation, and coordination with the broader case strategy.
A Discovery Dispute Has Arisen
When meet-and-confer efforts cannot resolve a discovery dispute, the matter proceeds to motion practice. The firm represents clients in motions to compel, motions for protective order, motions regarding scope and proportionality, privilege challenges, and other discovery motion practice. Effective discovery motion practice requires both substantive discovery law expertise and familiarity with local rules and individual judge practices.
Expert Disclosures and Discovery
Expert witness practice has its own discovery framework under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a)(2) and parallel state rules, including disclosure deadlines, report requirements, deposition practice, and Daubert challenges. Expert discovery requires coordination between substantive litigation strategy, expert selection and preparation, and the timing of expert work within the overall discovery schedule.
Our Approach
A Disciplined Approach to Discovery
Discovery unfolds across many phases, and consistency is easy to lose somewhere along the way. We hold each phase to the same standard, carried by attorneys who remain with the matter from open to close. What follows is how we structure that work.
Discovery Planning and Scheduling
Discovery work begins with planning. The firm develops a discovery plan tailored to the matter's needs, including identification of the information needed from each party, the sequence of discovery vehicles, the anticipated timing of various discovery activities, the coordination with expert work, and the integration with summary judgment and trial preparation. Where the Federal Rules require formal discovery planning (Rule 26(f) conferences in federal court), the firm leads the planning process and negotiates the resulting discovery order.
Written Discovery and Document Requests
The firm drafts and responds to interrogatories, requests for production, and requests for admission with strategic intent. Written discovery is designed to obtain specific factual information, narrow the issues in dispute, support summary judgment motions, and develop the record for trial. Responses are designed to preserve appropriate objections while complying with disclosure obligations, with coordination across multiple discovery vehicles to avoid contradictory positions.
Document Collection, Review, and Production
Document discovery requires structured collection from the client and any non-party sources, review for responsiveness and privilege, application of appropriate redactions, and production in formats that comply with ESI protocols and local rules. The firm coordinates with the client's IT and information governance functions, supervises review work, manages privilege review and logging, and addresses the production format and metadata issues that arise in modern document discovery.
Deposition Practice
The firm prepares for and conducts depositions across the case, including witness preparation for depositions defended, deposition outlines for depositions taken, coordination of deposition scheduling, defense of inappropriate questioning, designation of corporate representative deposition topics, and preservation of testimony for use in motion practice and at trial. Deposition strategy is coordinated with the broader case theory and the development of the trial record.
Expert and Third-Party Discovery
Expert witness discovery follows specific procedural requirements including expert disclosures, expert reports, expert depositions, and Daubert motion practice where applicable. Third-party discovery through subpoenas under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 or parallel state rules requires coordinated practice with non-parties, including objections handling, protective orders, and motion to compel practice where required.
Discovery Motion Practice and Resolution
When discovery disputes cannot be resolved through meet-and-confer, the firm represents clients in discovery motion practice including motions to compel, motions for protective order, sanctions practice, and proceedings before special masters or discovery referees. The firm also handles discovery-related appeals and writ proceedings where available. Effective dispute resolution coordinates with the underlying case strategy to avoid winning the motion but losing the case.
Fee Structure
Discovery Costs, Broken Down
Discovery management is most commonly billed hourly because the scope of the work depends on the matter's data volume, the number of custodians and witnesses, and the complexity of the underlying issues. For matters where the discovery scope can be reasonably estimated at the outset, the firm provides budget projections that span the major phases of discovery (planning, written discovery, document review and production, depositions, expert work, and motion practice).
For matters with substantial document review obligations, the firm may incorporate contract review attorneys under the supervision of firm litigators, with the contract review rates clearly separated from firm attorney rates on monthly statements. For discrete project-scope work (a single deposition, a focused document collection, a specific motion), capped or flat-fee arrangements are sometimes appropriate. For ongoing discovery support across a portfolio of related matters, retainer arrangements can provide rate stability and dedicated team continuity.
Attorneys
One Team, Start to Finish
Discovery moves through planning, written requests, document production, depositions, and motion practice, often over many months. The attorneys below see the work through each phase, bringing the same care to a routine response as to a dispositive motion, and drawing on real experience in the industries that generate the underlying data. Select an attorney to learn more about their background.

Harvey Specter
Managing Partner

Jessica Pearson
Office Managing Partner, Atlanta

Vincent Gambini
Office Managing Partner, Austin

Marcus Cicero
Office Managing Partner, Denver

Diane Lockhart
Senior Counsel

Sandy Stern
Senior Counsel

Annalise Keating
Of Counsel

Patty Hewes
Partner; Chair, Wildfire Litigation Practice

Louis Litt
Partner; Chair, eDiscovery Litigation and Data Management Practice

Howard Hamlin
Partner

Alicia Florrick
Partner

Mickey Haller
Partner

Mike Ross
Senior Associate

Kim Wexler
Senior Associate

Lucca Quinn
Senior Associate

Cary Agos
Senior Associate

Rachel Zane
Associate

Maggie McPherson
Associate
Practice Areas
Where This Work Applies
Discovery is a procedural discipline, but it never runs in the abstract. What it needs to prove, and how it needs to move, depends on the dispute underneath it. The practice areas below are where this work carries the most weight across the firm's docket.
Practice Area
Commercial Litigation
Trial-tested representation for businesses navigating contract disputes, business torts, and competitive harm.
Practice Area
Wildfire Litigation
Recovery for property owners, businesses, and insurance carriers in wildfire matters involving utility negligence and federal lands.
Practice Area
Insurance Recovery
Recovery for businesses and policyholders facing denied claims, coverage disputes, and bad-faith conduct by insurance carriers.
Practice Area
False Claims Act Litigation
Whistleblower representation in qui tam actions exposing healthcare fraud, procurement fraud, and grant fraud against the government.
Practice Area
eDiscovery
Strategic management of electronically stored information in complex litigation, including preservation, review, and production.
Sectors
By Industry
Discovery unfolds differently depending on the industry behind it. The data, the custodians, and the disclosure practices vary from one sector to the next, and so does the experience that makes the work efficient. The industries below reflect where this service applies most often, each approached with the same grounding in how that business actually operates.
Sector
Healthcare and Life Sciences
Complex litigation representation for hospital systems, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, and life sciences clients.
Sector
Energy and Utilities
Litigation for utilities, energy services companies, and oil and gas operators across commercial, insurance, and regulatory disputes.
Sector
Financial Services
Litigation for banks, mortgage servicers, investment funds, and private equity sponsors across securities and fiduciary disputes.
Sector
Technology
Litigation for technology companies in commercial disputes, cross-border discovery, and electronic-evidence-intensive matters.
Sector
Manufacturing
Litigation for industrial manufacturers in supply chain disputes, trade secret matters, and product recall coverage.
Sector
Real Estate and Hospitality
Litigation representation for real estate developers, hotels and hospitality operators, restaurant groups, and commercial property owners.
Sector
Government Contractors
Litigation for federal and state contractors in False Claims Act matters, contract disputes, and parallel administrative proceedings.
Experience
This Capability, at Work
The matters below are ones where this capability carried real weight: discovery planned early, carried through depositions and production, and followed to motion practice when disputes required it. A routine production gets the same attention as a marquee deposition, and each matter here reflects that standard rather than a projection of what any future matter will require or yield.
Resolved Subrogation Claims in Northern California Wildfire MDL
settlement2026CaliforniaReversed Default Termination at the Federal Circuit for Defense Supplier
appellate-ruling2026ColoradoWon Federal Circuit Bid Protest Reversal for Health IT Contractor
appellate-ruling2025ColoradoWon Seventh Circuit Reversal in Technology Sector eDiscovery Appeal
trial-verdict2024IllinoisDefeated Sanctions Motion in Complex Technology eDiscovery Dispute
dismissal2024California
Past results do not guarantee, warrant, or predict a similar outcome in any future matter. Every engagement is unique and must be evaluated on its own facts and circumstances.
Resources
Discovery Insights
Discovery rewards the same rigor as trial work: careful reading of the record, precise use of each procedural tool, and judgment about where to spend effort. What follows is a selection of the firm's written analysis on this stage of litigation, from attorneys who manage discovery as their day-to-day practice.
The But-For Causation Split and the Certification Backdoor: Defending AKS-Tainted False Claims
After Regeneron, three circuits require but-for causation for AKS-based FCA claims. But the false-certification pathway requires none. A defense framework for both tracks.
Hyperlinked Files, Cloud Collaboration, and the New Geometry of Preservation Obligations
Are hyperlinked cloud documents "attachments"? A defense framework for the proportionality, versioning, and preservation questions modern attachments now raise.
Discoverable Prompts, Discoverable Holds: Defending Corporate ESI in the Generative-AI Era
Courts are ordering production of corporate AI prompts and outputs. A defense framework for structuring AI use, legal holds, and preservation before a discovery fight begins.
Publications
Series Worth Following
Discovery evolves matter by matter, and some questions deserve more than a single answer. Each series below follows one of those questions across multiple installments, updated as the firm's discovery work turns up new perspective. Sustained attention serves these topics better than a one-time take.
Publication
State Procedural Updates
Cross-jurisdictional analysis of procedural and substantive framework developments across the states in which the firm practices.
Publication
False Claims Act Updates
Federal and state False Claims Act developments, including qui tam practice, public disclosure bar doctrine, and pleading specificity.
Publication
Wildfire Litigation Updates
Wildfire-related litigation, federal compensation framework developments, and utility wildfire defense across the Western United States.
FAQ
Questions About Discovery
Discovery is often the least familiar part of litigation, even for clients who have been through it before. The questions below cover what people considering this service most often ask before scope and cost decisions are made.
The discovery strategy and management practice provides strategic planning and execution support for discovery in commercial litigation. The practice covers preservation and litigation hold strategy, custodian identification and scoping, electronically stored information protocols and Rule 26(f) conferences, search methodology including search terms and technology-assisted review, document review workflow design, privilege protocols including FRE 502(d) clawback provisions, production format and timeline decisions, and discovery motion practice including defense of sanctions motions. The practice works in coordination with the firm's eDiscovery litigation and data management practice and supports clients across commercial litigation, FCA defense, and other litigation matters where discovery is a significant cost and strategic element.
The firm represents technology companies in commercial litigation, eDiscovery disputes, intellectual property-adjacent contract matters, and defense of anti-SLAPP motions and similar speech-related challenges. Technology defense includes complex commercial disputes between technology companies and counterparties, defense of sanctions motions in eDiscovery-heavy litigation, federal appellate work on technology-specific procedural questions, and anti-SLAPP defense in jurisdictions including New York. The firm's eDiscovery litigation and data management practice provides specialized depth on the data-intensive aspects of technology disputes, drawing on technical capabilities and substantive litigation experience. Technology clients benefit from the firm's coordinated capability across litigation, eDiscovery, and appellate practice.
Discovery strategy decisions made at the outset of a matter shape both cost and outcome over the life of the case. The firm's discovery strategy and management practice engages early to evaluate preservation obligations, identify custodians and data sources, scope reasonable production methodology, and negotiate ESI protocols that reflect the matter's stakes and the client's data environment. Early strategic decisions include the choice between search terms and technology-assisted review, the design of privilege protocols including whether to seek FRE 502(d) clawback orders in federal court, the production format that supports downstream use, and the staffing model for document review. These early decisions reduce both litigation cost and exposure to subsequent disputes about discovery conduct.
The firm's eDiscovery practice handles preservation, collection, production, and dispute resolution in technology-sector litigation where data volumes, formats, and complexity create distinct procedural challenges. The practice has secured Seventh Circuit reversals in technology sector eDiscovery appeals and defeated sanctions motions in complex technology eDiscovery disputes. Defense work includes ESI protocol negotiation, motion practice on production format and scope, defense of sanctions motions including FRCP 37 spoliation challenges, and coordination with technical teams on collection methodology. The eDiscovery litigation and data management practice is chaired by Louis Litt and provides direct support for technology clients across the firm's matter portfolio.
Discovery disputes that reach motion practice can carry significant consequences, including evidentiary sanctions, monetary sanctions, fee awards, and adverse inference instructions at trial. The firm has defeated sanctions motions in complex technology eDiscovery disputes and secured Seventh Circuit reversals in eDiscovery appeals, demonstrating depth in both defense of sanctions motions at the trial-court level and appellate work where sanctions rulings are challenged. Sanctions defense work includes responding to Rule 37 motions, defending against allegations of spoliation under both federal and state frameworks, and addressing privilege challenges including challenges to clawback protocols. The firm coordinates discovery dispute work across the litigation team to ensure consistent strategy and proper preservation of issues for review.
The information on this page is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Reading it does not create an attorney-client relationship. Consult a licensed attorney about your specific situation.
Why Choose Us
The Discipline Underneath
Discovery rewards judgment over volume. The sequencing choices, the scope calls, and the record built long before a motion is filed all turn on it. That judgment traces back to how the firm works.
Both Sides of the Table
Most firms pick a lane and stay in it. We litigate from both sides of complex civil disputes, defending corporate and institutional clients in some matters and pursuing recovery for policyholders, relators, and property owners in others. That range is a working advantage, not a hedge. A firm that only ever defends learns one half of the board; a firm that argues both sides learns how the opposing party builds its case, prices its risk, and decides when to move. When we assess your exposure, we read it the way the other side will, because in other matters, we are the other side. Explore our @practice areas@/practice-areas@ to see where that perspective runs deepest.
Trial-Tested, Not Settlement-Default
Many firms treat trial as a failure of negotiation. We treat readiness for trial as the foundation of every strong defense. A matter that is genuinely prepared to be tried is a matter negotiated from strength, because the other side knows the threat is real. Our litigators build each case as though it will be decided by a jury, which sharpens the strategy whether the resolution ultimately comes at trial, in mediation, or on a dispositive motion. That discipline informs how we staff, how we develop the record, and how we advise you on the choices that matter. Learn how we approach @trial advocacy@/services/trial-advocacy@.
One Firm, Four Offices, One Standard
From our principal office in Sacramento to our teams in Atlanta, Denver, and Austin, Holdsworth & Inkwell operates as a single firm rather than a loose confederation of branches. A client in one region draws on the full bench of the firm, not just the attorneys nearest to them. That structure lets us assemble the right team for a matter regardless of where it sits, and it means our standards for preparation, communication, and judgment travel with the work. See our @office locations@/locations@ and the regions we serve.
Continuity from Intake to Appeal
Description: Litigation that changes hands loses memory. We build matter teams that carry a case from the first assessment through trial and, where necessary, into the appellate courts, so the strategy that shapes early decisions is the same strategy that defends them later. Our @appellate practice@/services/appellate-practice@ works alongside trial teams from the outset, framing and preserving the issues that matter before they are needed, rather than arriving after a verdict to reconstruct what was lost. That continuity protects the coherence of your defense across the full life of a dispute.
Industry-Specific Bench Strength
A defense is only as strong as its grasp of the client's world. Our attorneys bring sustained experience in the sectors where our clients operate, from energy and utilities to healthcare, financial services, government contracting, and manufacturing. That familiarity means we spend less time learning your industry on your dollar and more time applying judgment shaped by matters like yours. Browse the @industries we serve@/sectors@ to see where our experience aligns with your business.
Transparent Scoping and Staffing
Sophisticated clients deserve to know how a matter is staffed, how it is budgeted, and why. We scope engagements deliberately, communicate the reasoning behind our staffing, and keep you informed as a matter develops rather than presenting surprises at billing time. The result is a working relationship built on clarity, where you can plan around our work because you understand it. That transparency is not a courtesy we extend; it is how we think a serious defense should be run.
Depth in the Hard Cases
Some disputes are routine. The ones that bring clients to us usually are not. We have built genuine depth in the areas where the stakes and the complexity are highest, including False Claims Act and qui tam litigation, insurance coverage and recovery, catastrophic wildfire litigation, and large-scale electronic discovery. These are matters that reward sustained focus and punish improvisation, and they are where a firm built for hard problems earns its keep. Read our @insights@/resources@ for how we think about the problems at the edge of our practice.
Counsel, Not Just Litigators
The best outcome is often the dispute that never escalates. Alongside our courtroom work, we counsel clients before litigation begins, helping them assess exposure, preserve their position, and make informed decisions when a problem first surfaces. Our @pre-litigation counseling@/services/pre-litigation-counseling@ brings the same defensive judgment to the choices that precede a filing as we bring to the courtroom, because the value of a defense firm is measured as much by the disputes it helps you avoid as the ones it wins.
One point of contact, start to finish
Let's Discuss Your Discovery Strategy
You have what you need to decide. Reach out, and the attorney who takes the call stays with the matter through its resolution.